桩筏共同作用的改进Geddes计算模型与变刚度调平设计

Geddes应力法虽然实现了桩与桩之间的相互作用,但由于没有考虑筏板的刚度,无法实现桩与筏板的共同作用。对Geddes模型进行了改进,以实现桩与筏板的共同作用。通过一工程实例,验证了此改进模型的正确性,并利用此模型,阐述了通过调整桩的疏密布置进行设计的概念和方法,达到减小差异沉降、防止结构产生次应力和节约工程造价的目的。     

An overview of the spatial patterns of land surface processes over arid and semiarid regions

With data from the project Collaborative Observation of Semi-arid/Arid Regions in North China, collected during July and September 2008, the spatial patterns of land surface processes over arid and semiarid regions have been investigated based on the ordinary Kriging interpolation approach. Generally, for the radiation processes, downward and upward short-wave radiation have a uniformly increasing trend with latitude, but the spatial patterns of long-wave radiation present notable regional differences: both upward and downward long-wave radiation increase with latitude in the west of North China, while in the east they vary inversely with latitude, suggesting surface temperature and clouds respectively have feedbacks to the long-wave radiation in the west and east of North China. The surface net radiation basically has a negative latitudinal trend. Long-wave radiation budget plays an important role in the spatial pattern of surface net radiation, particularly in the east of North China, although short-wave radiation budget largely determines the magnitude of surface net radiation. For the energy processes, latent and sensible heat flux varies conversely with latitude: more available land surface energy is consumed by evaporating soil water at lower latitudes while more is used for heating the atmosphere at higher latitudes. A soil heat flux maximum and minimum are found in Loess Plateau and Qinghai Plateau respectively, and a maximum is seen in the northeast China.     

基于ENVI ZOOM面向对象的高海拔灌丛植被提取——以定日县为例

利用ASTER数据,基于The Environment for Visualizing Images(ENVI)ZOOM 软件平台,采用面向对象的多尺度影像分割技术与规则创建相结合方法,提取了珠峰保护区核心区的灌丛植被类型.在对影像进行去阴影处理和各种辅助信息融合的基础上,使用Feature Extraction模块对影像进行分割,基于分割对象的高程、NDVI、纹理和光谱信息创建了适合研究区的灌丛提取规则.研究表明:该分类方法不仅能够克服传统基于像元分类方法中的"椒盐效应"问题,而且能够综合利用辅助信息(DEM、NDVI等)和地物本身的信息(光谱特征、纹理特征等),有效提高解译精度.以已有数据对分类结果进行了检验,分类精度达84 7%,分类结果较理想.     

四川省西溪河地洛水电工程区“7.31”泥石流灾害

2009-07-31,四川省凉山彝族自治州西溪河流域金阳县地洛电站施工区暴发泥石流,造成9人死亡、施工道路及设施损毁.通过现场调查和分析认为,"7.31"泥石流是一场高容重低粘度坡面型泥石质泥石流,强降雨是此次泥石流形成的激发条件,工程弃渣是其形成的物质基础和条件,过沟公路未合理设置排水涵洞,路基被毁,沿途大量物质补给是泥石流形成的促进因素."7.31"泥石流隐蔽性强,人们对其危害范围认识不足,防灾意识薄弱,监测预警不到位,是造成人员伤亡与财产损失的重要因素.结合西溪河流域水电开发的现状,针对性地提出了规范人类工程活动,提高防灾意识,加强地质灾害的监测预警等防治对策,建议进一步加强中小水电工程施工的监管力度,切实落实灾害危险性评估与防灾措施,最大限度地减少人为地质灾害.     

汉源县大渡河“8.6”崩塌堵河灾害研究

2009-08-06四川省汉源县顺河乡猴子岩发生大型崩塌,90余万m~3崩塌体直接冲进大渡河,形成40 m高的堰塞坝,阻断大渡河,形成库容达6 000×10~4 m~3堰塞湖,导致2人死亡,29人失踪和重大财产损失.以现场调查与观测为基础,分析灾害发育条件和成灾过程,认为高陡边坡次级断裂造成的岩体破裂是崩塌发育的基础条件,"5.12"汶川大地震、强降雨及道路工程建设造成的边坡失稳是灾害发生的重要原因.针对崩塌堵河灾害的成灾特点,提出加强山区重大工程区地质灾害评价、预防、预警,科学设计、施工减少陡坡开挖,采取果断措施处置施工过程中出现的险情、灾情,及时在灾害点设置警示标志减少灾害损失等减灾对策.     

某大型升船机塔柱结构模型振动台试验研究

本文介绍某大型升船机塔柱结构这一门式连体结构1/25缩比结构模型的振动台试验研究结果。试验中考虑了不同加速度记录、单向或多向同时激励等不同激励方式、加速度峰值以及船厢不同工作位置等因素的影响。试验结果表面,由于塔柱结构对称性强,塔柱结构的响应以单向响应为主,双向或三向同时激励下塔柱结构的响应可由单向激励下的响应合成;沿塔柱高度其纵横向的最大加速度响应包络图呈S形分布,在10层附近塔柱的加速度响应较小,此特征不受输入方式及输入地震动不同的影响;随着激励水平的提高与模型损伤的积累,塔柱水平加速度动力放大系数沿高度趋于均匀;船厢不同工作位置对塔柱结构的动力响应影响很小,但对船厢和塔柱结构间耦合力的影响显著,船厢处于最高位时耦合力最大。基于试验结果,得出现有设计结果可以保证该升船机塔柱结构在设计地震下的安全并有足够的安全储备。     

Research on the Seismotectonic Setting in Beibu Gulf Waters

In this paper we discuss the seismogenic structures of the two earthquakes occurring in the Beibu Gulf waters,based on the investigation of geological structure,faults,geophysical fields,seismicity and earthquake focal mechanism.The results show that the NEE trending faults along the boundary of the Wushi depression are the dominating seismogenic structures,and the NW trending faults are the key factors of stress concentration.The results also show that high seismicity has a significant relationship with the late Cenozoic deposition center in the Beibu Gulf,and their NE-NEE trending boundary faults are important to the identification of seismogenic structures.The special arcuate fault segment or the intersection point of the NW trending faults and NE-NEE trending boundary faults is a possible location of future earthquakes.     

聊古1井地震水化观测环境保护问题探讨

介绍了聊古1井概况和地热开发对聊古1井的影响现状,在调查研究的基础上,提出了有效保护地震观测环境的合理化建议,制定了切实、可行的保护措施。同时指出地震观测环境的保护与治理是一项长期而繁琐的工作,要有长期作战的思想准备。因此,地震观测环境保护与井口技术改造两者必须相辅相成,互为补充,才能实现地震地下流体观测工作的正常开展,使之继续服务于地震监测预报工作。     

Estimation of Site Effects on Stations in the Capital Circle Region Using the Generalized Inversion Method

Generalized Inversion Method has been used to estimate the spatial variation of site effects,using the digital data of SH-waves recorded by 63 stations in the Capital Circle Region of China from 2001 to 2006.We gained the site effects of all stations participating in the calculation.We found that the site effect of rock was stabile and about 1.0 from 1.0Hz to 10.0Hz,while the site effect of deposit was high in low frequencies,about 3 ～ 7 from 1.0Hz to 8.0Hz,and the site effect was protuberant at about 5.0Hz,then fell as the frequency increased.The result shows the shape and intensity of station site effects are mainly influenced by the lithology below the station,and possibly also by the local geological structure.     

Effect of Initial Stress Conditions on the Threshold Shear Strain of Nanjing’s Saturated Fine Sand

By using GDS dynamic hollow cylinder torsional apparatus, a series of cyclic torsional triaxial tests under complex initial consolidation condition are performed on Nanjing saturated fine sand. The effects of the initial principal stress direction α0, the initial ratio of deviatoric stress η0, the initial average effective principal stress p0 and the initial intermediate principal stress parameter b0 on the threshold shear strain y, of Nanjing saturated fine sand are then systematically investigated. The results show that y, increases as η0, P0 and b0 increase respectively, while the other three parameters remain constant. α0 has a great influence on y,, which is reduced when α0 increases from 0° to 45° and increased when α0 increases from 45° to 90°. The effect of α0 on γt plays a leading role and the effect of η0 will weaken when α0 is approximately 45°.